Top Chinese lenders ICBC (1398.HK) and Bank of China (3988.HK) signaled a peaking of earnings growth after strong second-quarter profits, as they slowed their lending and focused on asset quality.
Chinese banks, which are trying to become more commercial and move away from their policy-based lending past, have benefited over the past year from a jump in interest income and improving margins after a government-backed lending boom in 2009.
But many fear they may soon have to pay the piper as China tightens liquidity to cool a racing economy, and as regulators require them to prepare for an increase in bad loans if the real estate market starts to decline.
“Banks’ profit growth may have peaked as lending is likely to slow in the second half, while there’s little room for interest margins to rise further,” said Qiu Peng, analyst at Western Securities.
“There’s also lingering concern over banks’ asset quality in the event of a drastic slowdown in the economy, but so far, there are no signs of deterioration. But such fears will continue to weigh on banking stocks.”
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) (601398.SS) and Bank of China, the country’s No. 1 and No. 4 lenders, posted second-quarter profit growth of 38 percent and 15 percent, respectively, on Thursday on the back of the lending boom.
The results capped a season of strong quarterly earnings by Chinese banks, reflecting an economy that grew by 10.3 percent during the second quarter.
BANKS BRACE FOR HANGOVER
China’s banking industry has evolved in the last decade from its roots as a policy-oriented lending machine to one that tries to be more market-focused, with most of the nation’s top banks going public to highlight their new commercial bent.
The conflict between policy- and market-oriented lending continues to hound many, which count the government as their major shareholder.
Chinese banks made a record 9.6 trillion yuan in new loans during last year’s lending boom, nearly double the volume of 2008. The government is aiming to slow the pace somewhat this year, with a target of 7.5 trillion in new loans for 2010.
Now the banks are bracing for a hangover that many observers see as all but inevitable, with bad loans likely to rise sharply from current low levels as questionable loans made in 2009 comes home to roost.
The magnitude of any looming hangover will largely depend on Beijing’s skill at cooling the economy: if it applies the brakes too quickly, tumbling markets could cause bad loans to balloon, whereas a softer landing could lessen the blow.
“Risks for China’s banking sector are seen as manageable, barring a serious macroeconomic downturn,” said Nan Sheng, an analyst at UOB Kay Hian.
STRESS TESTS
Responding to Beijing’s shift toward monetary tightening, China’s banking regulator conducted stress tests on banks this month, asking them to evaluate the impact on their balance sheets in the event of a 60 percent slump in home prices.
The regulator is also diagnosing the health of an estimated $1 trillion worth of loans to local government infrastructure, though results of both tests have not been made public.
To ward off risks, regulators have urged banks to strengthen their books weakened by last year’s lending binge, triggering a fundraising rush among lenders to raise more than $80 billion dollars in total to buffer potential losses.
All the tightening signs bode poorly for earnings growth in the near term.
“Profit growth in the second half is set to be lower than that of the first half,” said UOB’s Nan.
The HSI-Finance Index .HSNF which tracks major Hong Kong-listed Chinese banks, is down 10.4 percent this year, nearly double the 5.7 percent drop in the main Hang Seng Index .HSI, as investors worry about the sector’s health as well as massive planned capital-raisings to replenish their balance sheets.
ICBC, in which Goldman Sachs (GS.N), Allianz Group (ALVG.DE) and American Express (AXP.N) hold stakes, and BOC are raising funds through shares and bonds issues, following on from Agricultural Bank of China’s (601288.SS) (1288.HK) record IPO in July.
Three of China’s “Big Four” state banks — ICBC, Bank of China and China Construction Bank (0939.HK)(601939.SS) — have so far reported second-quarter profit growth ranging from 15-38 percent, while smaller rivals such as China Merchants Bank (600036.SS) and Everbright Bank posted even faster growth.
Banks also benefited from a rapid increase in non-interest incomes as they collected more fees and commissions from selling insurance and mutual fund products.
Shares of ICBC, which has a market value of more than $210 billion, closed down 0.2 percent on Thursday in Hong Kong ahead of the results. The shares have fallen 13 percent so far this year, underperforming the benchmark Hang Seng Index .HSI, which has declined 4 percent.
Bank of China’s Hong Kong-listed shares were unchanged on Thursday, having fallen 5.7 percent so far this year.
($1=6.80 Yuan)
By Samuel Shen and Doug Young
Tags: bank of china, Chinese economy, economy recovery, financial system, Global Economy, money, real estate sector








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